Scientists in Spain Look to Old Vines to Save Wine Business
2022-11-14
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1Genetic researchers in Spain's wine country believe grape vines that have lived for more than 35 years are better able to deal with high temperatures brought by climate change.
2Winemakers in the Rioja area in northern Spain make some of the best wine in the world.
3Wine has been made there for hundreds of years.
4But in recent years, winemakers there have been having trouble producing good wine.
5They say the wine tasted better in the past, when temperatures were usually cooler.
6The 2022 summer was the hottest in Spain since record-keeping began in 1961.
7Temperatures were 2.2 degrees Celsius higher than average.
8Researchers like Pablo Carbonell think older grapevines may be able to grow better in higher temperatures.
9As part of his research work, Carbonell looks at rows of gray shapes on his computer screen.
10Among them was a green rectangle.
11This, he said, represents a kind of grapevine that produces grapes that take longer to ripen, even in warmer conditions.
12A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want.
13The current vines produce grapes that are ready to pick too early.
14Such grapes do not make wine that has the right color and smell.
15The wine also has too much alcohol.
16People who work in the vineyards have long crossed old vines with new ones.
17Now they are working with special laboratories -- like the one where Carbonell works -- to find a climate-resistant vine.
18The place is called the Vine and Wine Research Institute.
19It is known as the ICVV in Spain.
20The scientists there are studying the genomes of commonly used grapes in Spanish wine.
21The lab is working to keep the Spanish winemaking industry alive as temperatures rise.
22The scientists say the older grapevines have a more diverse genetic makeup.
23Spain is the third-largest winemaking country in the world behind France and Italy.
24Spanish wine production is worth close to $5 billion in the country's economy each year.
25The United Nations warns that climate change will cause Europe to lose crops due to heat, dry conditions and "extreme weather."
26The report will be included in the discussion at the COP 27 international climate meeting, which began this week in Egypt and runs until November 18.
27The Rioja region has 500 wineries and makes up 21 percent of Spain's wine production, totaling over $1.5 billion each year.
28Spain needs the region's wine production to continue.
29Inigo Torres is director of Grupo Rioja, a trade association representing 60 wineries in the region.
30"We are very worried about climate change," he said.
31He noted that this year's grape harvest started two weeks early.
32The change affects the way the wine tastes.
33Torres said the warmer weather also limits how many grapes grow on each vine.
34As a result, total wine production has gone down by 5 to 10 percent over the last four years.
35Jose Miguel Martinez Zapater is the director of ICVV.
36He and his scientists are working to analyze the wine.
37They are looking at vine cuttings that are close to 100 years old.
38He said the laboratory is doing the same kind of work scientists have done to sequence the human genome.
39But instead of looking for mutations that cause diseases, the wine scientists are looking for traits, or qualities, that might permit the vines to survive in a warmer climate.
40In addition to the genetic research, scientists are also working on different planting methods.
41A winery called RODA is planting vines in a curve instead of a straight line.
42The hope is that plants will soak up more water this way.
43The new vineyard is made up of vines that were over 100 years old and moved from another place.
44Maria Santolaya is an agricultural engineer and part of RODA's technical team.
45She said she hopes next summer is not as hot.
46The hot weather, she said, "has been very problematic."
47But, "our biggest concern," she added, "is what will happen in 20 or 30 years. We don't really know how things will come out."
48I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Dan Friedell.
1Genetic researchers in Spain's wine country believe grape vines that have lived for more than 35 years are better able to deal with high temperatures brought by climate change. 2Winemakers in the Rioja area in northern Spain make some of the best wine in the world. Wine has been made there for hundreds of years. 3But in recent years, winemakers there have been having trouble producing good wine. They say the wine tasted better in the past, when temperatures were usually cooler. The 2022 summer was the hottest in Spain since record-keeping began in 1961. Temperatures were 2.2 degrees Celsius higher than average. 4Researchers like Pablo Carbonell think older grapevines may be able to grow better in higher temperatures. 5As part of his research work, Carbonell looks at rows of gray shapes on his computer screen. Among them was a green rectangle. This, he said, represents a kind of grapevine that produces grapes that take longer to ripen, even in warmer conditions. 6A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want. The current vines produce grapes that are ready to pick too early. Such grapes do not make wine that has the right color and smell. The wine also has too much alcohol. 7People who work in the vineyards have long crossed old vines with new ones. Now they are working with special laboratories -- like the one where Carbonell works -- to find a climate-resistant vine. 8The place is called the Vine and Wine Research Institute. It is known as the ICVV in Spain. The scientists there are studying the genomes of commonly used grapes in Spanish wine. 9The lab is working to keep the Spanish winemaking industry alive as temperatures rise. The scientists say the older grapevines have a more diverse genetic makeup. 10Spain is the third-largest winemaking country in the world behind France and Italy. Spanish wine production is worth close to $5 billion in the country's economy each year. 11The United Nations warns that climate change will cause Europe to lose crops due to heat, dry conditions and "extreme weather." The report will be included in the discussion at the COP 27 international climate meeting, which began this week in Egypt and runs until November 18. 12The Rioja region has 500 wineries and makes up 21 percent of Spain's wine production, totaling over $1.5 billion each year. Spain needs the region's wine production to continue. 13Inigo Torres is director of Grupo Rioja, a trade association representing 60 wineries in the region. 14"We are very worried about climate change," he said. He noted that this year's grape harvest started two weeks early. The change affects the way the wine tastes. 15Torres said the warmer weather also limits how many grapes grow on each vine. As a result, total wine production has gone down by 5 to 10 percent over the last four years. 16Jose Miguel Martinez Zapater is the director of ICVV. He and his scientists are working to analyze the wine. They are looking at vine cuttings that are close to 100 years old. 17He said the laboratory is doing the same kind of work scientists have done to sequence the human genome. But instead of looking for mutations that cause diseases, the wine scientists are looking for traits, or qualities, that might permit the vines to survive in a warmer climate. 18In addition to the genetic research, scientists are also working on different planting methods. A winery called RODA is planting vines in a curve instead of a straight line. The hope is that plants will soak up more water this way. The new vineyard is made up of vines that were over 100 years old and moved from another place. 19Maria Santolaya is an agricultural engineer and part of RODA's technical team. She said she hopes next summer is not as hot. The hot weather, she said, "has been very problematic." 20But, "our biggest concern," she added, "is what will happen in 20 or 30 years. We don't really know how things will come out." 21I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Dan Friedell. 22Dan Friedell adapted this story for VOA Learning English based on a report by Reuters. 23__________________________________________________________________ 24Words in This Story 25screen -n. the flat part of a television or computer monitor 26ripen -v. to become ready to eat 27genome -n. the complete set of cells or genetic material in a living thing 28diverse -adj. made up of things that are different from each other 29region -n. a part of a country that is different from other parts 30analyze -v. to study something carefully 31mutation -n. a change in the genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics different from what is normal 32curve -n. a rounded line, shape or path 33________________________________________________________________ 34We want to hear from you. Do you think the Spanish researchers will help the wine industry? 35We have a new comment system. 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